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Category Archives: Songwriting Structure

Time Signatures revisited

Posted on December 31, 2007 by Tom
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In previous posts I’ve urged you to try using different time signatures in your songwriting. Why? 

 For several reasons.

  1. My own personal bias. I like progressive rock and I’m a bit of a music nerd.
  2. Doing music-nerdy stuff really appeals to certain types of music fan.
  3. Its a great way of adding contrast, which is an absolute must if you’re to avoid boring your audience
  4. A lot of the time we don’t think about rhythm and meter as much as chords and melody. Changing time signature forces you to pay attention to these sometimes overlooked aspects of music.

What is a time signature, and how do you change it?

If you listen to Episode 7 of the songwright podcast you’ll hear a few ideas about how to change time signature, and this previous post talks about the basics of what they are.

In a nutshell, the time signature is the number of beats you have in a bar. You might have four beats in each bar, six, or seven. You could change every bar, change once in a song, or, like most songs, stick with one time signature all the time.

All of those options are creatively viable of course, I’d only urge you to think about it, rather than always composing in 4/4 like everybody else.

Categories: Basics, Songwriting Structure, time signatures | Tags: guitar, music theory, song writing, songwriting, time signatures

How to be creative within the pop song structure

Posted on December 28, 2007 by Tom
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Do you have the same problem as me? Does every song you write naturally gravitate to the standard pop song structure? You write a verse, then a chorus, a second verse, then repeat the chorus. After that all you need is to come up with a bridge or middle eight, repeat the chorus, and you’re finished.

It can get a bit predictable.

You might want to start off writing something completely different But if you don’t want to be so radical, for instance if you’ve got a song that follows the pop song structure, but could do with just a slight tweak, why not try one of these ideas?

  1. Build up the intro – It’s vital to get to the hook quickly, right? That’s what all the songwriting manuals tell you. Get to the hook, get to the part the audience will sing a long to, the part that sticks in their mind. Sometimes that’s good advice, but it isn’t the only option. Why not try a long, mood setting intro, that gradually builds up into the main riff or first verse?
  2. Use a bridge - but only once. The Soundgarden song ‘Burden in my Hand’ has a bridge before the first chorus that isn’t there before the second chorus. This works to speed us on to the second chorus and is a nice but simple surprise. An added bonus is that, by using a line from the later middle eight, that bridge foreshadows musical ideas we hear later, giving the piece greater cohesion.
  3. Don’t return to the chorus – Whoa! What am I talking about? You’ve got this great, singalong chorus, and now I’m telling you not to repeat it after the middle eight? Well why not, there are plenty of songs that don’t. The Manic Street Preachers wrote a whole album of them. An album successful enough to be released as a 10th anniversary special edition no-less.
  4. Expand the middle – The first idea, a long intro, might sound odd stuck at the front of a three minute pop song. To make sure things don’t overbalance and make your song one big introduction, something else needs to grow in proportion. So add two middle eights were one will do, put in an extra guitar solo section, or just stick in that killer chorus from another song that didn’t quite work. Go through two key changes, then get back to the first chorus. Or combine this with idea 3 and don’t return to the chorus at all

All right, by the end of my fourth idea I was clearly advocating a complete disregard for standard pop song structures.That’s because it’s often only useful as a starting point. How do you be creative with the pop song structure? In short, remember it’s just a guideline.

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More posts on the same subject:

Form – the 32 bar song structure

Gradual or Sudden?

Categories: Form in songwriting, Songwriting Structure, Stealing ideas

Carols and Form

Posted on December 22, 2007 by Tom
2 comments

This week, despite being a dyed-in-the-wool and unapologetic atheist, I went to a Christmas carol concert. It was lots of fun, and although the lyrics were universally awful, it did contain a few examples that you might find interesting. I’ve been meaning to write about form, and two traditional carols from last night illustrate the most basic forms that we still hear in modern songwriting.

So if you’re stuck deciding what to write next, why not start by choosing one of these forms?

Strophic

While shepherds watched
Their flocks at night
All seated on the ground
The angel of the Lord came down
And glory shone around

Fear not said he for mighty dread
Had seized their troubled mind
Glad tidings of great joy I bring
To you and all man-kind

‘While shepherds watched…’ is a good example of strophic form. What is that? It’s where the melody stays exactly the same from verse to verse, but the words change.

Strophic with refrain

God rest ye merry gentlemen
Let nothing you dismay
Remember Christ our Saviour
Was born on Christmas day
To save us all from Satan’s power
When we were gone astray
O Tidings of Comfort and Joy
Comfort and Joy
O Tidings of Comfort and Joy

From God our heavenly father
A blessed angel came
And unto certain Shepherds
Brought tidings of the same
How that in Bethleham
Was born the Son of God
O Tidings of Comfort and Joy
Comfort and Joy
O Tidings of Comfort and Joy

What’s the difference between this form and the plain old ‘Strophic’? The refrain, a section of lyrics and melody that stays the same from verse to verse, while the other lyrics change.

 Both these structures are very common in older song forms. You see them in folk influenced music all the time. They might be tried and tested, but they still have a lot of mileage left in them.

Categories: Form in songwriting, Songwriting Structure
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