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Category Archives: Form in songwriting

Stealing Ideas from Madness – House of Fun

Posted on January 28, 2008 by Tom
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House of Fun is a breezy, quirky, cheersome little pop song by Madness. It has an up-tempo ska groove to it and a video that steals liberally from Monty Python sketches.

It’s great fun, but this is Songwright so the important question is: are there any songwriting ideas we can steal from this song?

Of course there are! And in particular House of Fun includes a fantastic idea for changing key.

1. The structure

Intro, verse 1, verse 2, chorus, verse 3, chorus, middle section, verse 4, chorus to end.

That, in a nutshell is the stucture of ‘House of Fun’. Each section is very short, made even shorter by the tempo, and in between most sections the song returns to the opening groove of the intro.

It isn’t a unique structure, it’s been used many times, and it works brilliantly. In particular it’s worth noting that the middle section (I’m sorry son, but we don’t stock…) is the only part of the song that breaks from the up-beat groove. Contrast is very important in songwriting and if there’s anyplace that contrast really needs to stand out it’s after the second chorus.

2. The chord choices

Or rather the order that they’re put in. In particular I want to point out the chords in the chorus.

Why?

Because they’re different every time.

Chorus one: Em C Em Bm, F#m D F#m C#m (which, as you’ll see is the same idea twice, but the second time it’s changed key and moved up a tone)

Chorus two: F#m D F#m C#m Em C

Chorus three is the big one, and it’s here that we find out the song has actually been building to one circular repeating chorus. Em C Em Bm, then a tone up to F#m D F#m C#m, then a tone down when it goes back to the beginning.

Yup, it’s changing key, and yup it’s doing so in exactly the same way that those cheesy boy band songs do. Except it’s doing it over and over again in a short space of time.

Why?

To stop things getting boring. By constantly changing key and changing back like this a manic, unresolved mood is developed, perfectly in keeping with the spirit of the song.

So there you go, ideas to take from House of Fun, and a new variation on this key changing idea that we’ve been talking about recently.

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Categories: Chords and harmony, Form in songwriting, key change, Songwriting Structure, Stealing ideas

Stealing songwriting techniques from Cole Porter’s Anything Goes

Posted on January 20, 2008 by Tom
2 comments

I briefly mentioned this song in a recent post. This isn’t the best performance of it, but it will do for our purposes (here’s another recording).

There are some songwriting ideas worth pointing out (and stealing).

1. The lyrics

In olden days, a glimpse of stocking
was looked on as something shocking,
now heaven knows
Anything goes.

Do I really need to say anything about these, other than to mention that they’re brilliant?

2. The choice of scale

That verse melody only uses a Major pentatonic scale. That, combined with a three note pattern over a 4/4 time signature, followed by a high-note climax and you’ve got a killer eight bar melody

3. The Structure.

Notable structural elements include an extended introduction and the use of what was a standard form in the ‘Great American Songbook’: the AABA, or 32 bar song structure.

What is that? Simple: take an 8 bar melody, like the one that fits the lyrics above, repeat it with different words ala Strophic form, then throw in a middle 8 bars that contrast in some way, before finally repeating the first 8 bar melody.

None of them are new ideas, and Cole Porter didn’t invent them (though he did use them particularly well), so why not see if you can use them too?

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Categories: Chords and harmony, Form in songwriting, Lyrics, Melody, Songwriting Structure, Stealing ideas, Uncategorized

How to be creative within the pop song structure

Posted on December 28, 2007 by Tom
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Do you have the same problem as me? Does every song you write naturally gravitate to the standard pop song structure? You write a verse, then a chorus, a second verse, then repeat the chorus. After that all you need is to come up with a bridge or middle eight, repeat the chorus, and you’re finished.

It can get a bit predictable.

You might want to start off writing something completely different But if you don’t want to be so radical, for instance if you’ve got a song that follows the pop song structure, but could do with just a slight tweak, why not try one of these ideas?

  1. Build up the intro – It’s vital to get to the hook quickly, right? That’s what all the songwriting manuals tell you. Get to the hook, get to the part the audience will sing a long to, the part that sticks in their mind. Sometimes that’s good advice, but it isn’t the only option. Why not try a long, mood setting intro, that gradually builds up into the main riff or first verse?
  2. Use a bridge - but only once. The Soundgarden song ‘Burden in my Hand’ has a bridge before the first chorus that isn’t there before the second chorus. This works to speed us on to the second chorus and is a nice but simple surprise. An added bonus is that, by using a line from the later middle eight, that bridge foreshadows musical ideas we hear later, giving the piece greater cohesion.
  3. Don’t return to the chorus – Whoa! What am I talking about? You’ve got this great, singalong chorus, and now I’m telling you not to repeat it after the middle eight? Well why not, there are plenty of songs that don’t. The Manic Street Preachers wrote a whole album of them. An album successful enough to be released as a 10th anniversary special edition no-less.
  4. Expand the middle – The first idea, a long intro, might sound odd stuck at the front of a three minute pop song. To make sure things don’t overbalance and make your song one big introduction, something else needs to grow in proportion. So add two middle eights were one will do, put in an extra guitar solo section, or just stick in that killer chorus from another song that didn’t quite work. Go through two key changes, then get back to the first chorus. Or combine this with idea 3 and don’t return to the chorus at all

All right, by the end of my fourth idea I was clearly advocating a complete disregard for standard pop song structures.That’s because it’s often only useful as a starting point. How do you be creative with the pop song structure? In short, remember it’s just a guideline.

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More posts on the same subject:

Form – the 32 bar song structure

Gradual or Sudden?

Categories: Form in songwriting, Songwriting Structure, Stealing ideas

Carols and Form

Posted on December 22, 2007 by Tom
2 comments

This week, despite being a dyed-in-the-wool and unapologetic atheist, I went to a Christmas carol concert. It was lots of fun, and although the lyrics were universally awful, it did contain a few examples that you might find interesting. I’ve been meaning to write about form, and two traditional carols from last night illustrate the most basic forms that we still hear in modern songwriting.

So if you’re stuck deciding what to write next, why not start by choosing one of these forms?

Strophic

While shepherds watched
Their flocks at night
All seated on the ground
The angel of the Lord came down
And glory shone around

Fear not said he for mighty dread
Had seized their troubled mind
Glad tidings of great joy I bring
To you and all man-kind

‘While shepherds watched…’ is a good example of strophic form. What is that? It’s where the melody stays exactly the same from verse to verse, but the words change.

Strophic with refrain

God rest ye merry gentlemen
Let nothing you dismay
Remember Christ our Saviour
Was born on Christmas day
To save us all from Satan’s power
When we were gone astray
O Tidings of Comfort and Joy
Comfort and Joy
O Tidings of Comfort and Joy

From God our heavenly father
A blessed angel came
And unto certain Shepherds
Brought tidings of the same
How that in Bethleham
Was born the Son of God
O Tidings of Comfort and Joy
Comfort and Joy
O Tidings of Comfort and Joy

What’s the difference between this form and the plain old ‘Strophic’? The refrain, a section of lyrics and melody that stays the same from verse to verse, while the other lyrics change.

 Both these structures are very common in older song forms. You see them in folk influenced music all the time. They might be tried and tested, but they still have a lot of mileage left in them.

Categories: Form in songwriting, Songwriting Structure
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